Bio 100 Fall
2001
Review
questions for Quiz #3:
What is life?
Describe some of the characteristics shared in common by all living things.
What are the
steps believed to have been necessary to lead up to the "first" cell?
What are the
three categories of life? What are the differences between them?
Describe the
lifestyle of the first prokaryote.
What are
stromatolites? Why were they so important to the development of varied life on
earth?
How do past
and current conditions on Mars compare to past and current conditions on Earth?
Use these comparisons to discuss the possibility that some form of life once
existed on Mars. What did the Martian meteorite add to the story?
Why is the
concept of evolution so important to biology?
What were the
pieces of "evidence" (both observations and intellectual insights
from others) that led Darwin to recognize common descent with modification?
That led to his perceiving natural selection?
What does the
theory of evolution actually state?
Be able to
describe each of the types of evidence that have made evolution so
universally accepted as a theory.
Compare and
contrast analogous and homologous structures.
What is it
that actually "evolves"? What is it that natural selection actually
acts upon?
Be able to
describe and/or give examples of the five agents of microevolution. Which of
the agents consistently works to adapt organisms to their environment. WHY?
Why is it
impossible to determine ABSOLUTE evolutionary fitness?
Be able to
describe and give examples of each of the three modes of natural selection.
(You will almost certainly be given a scenario that you have NOT heard in
lecture, and you will be asked to decide what type of selection it represents.)
Why do some
naturally occurring populations of bacteria have genes that confer antibiotic
resistance?
Why is the
following statement incorrect? "When confronted by an antibiotic, bacteria
learn to mutate and thus develop antibiotic resistance".
What are some
human behaviors that have encouraged the directional selection that has led to
antibiotic resistance? How can we as consumers reverse the trend towards
increasing antibiotic resistance?
Why is it
difficult to define a "species"?
Be able to
describe and give examples for the different mechanisms of reproductive
isolation; be able to differentiate between pre- and post-zygotic mechanisms.
Be able to
compare and contrast allopatric and sympatric speciation. If given a new
scenario not mentioned before in lecture, you may be asked to determine which
mode it describes…
When is
speciation likely to occur? What are the circumstances that lead to adaptive
radiation?
Why are the
cichlids in Lake Victoria the favorite example of evolutionary biologists? (in
other words, what are they examples of?)
What are the
causes and symptoms of malaria and sickle cell disease? What are the genetics of sickle cell
disease?
What is
balanced polymorphism? Explain how this relates to the maintenance of such a
high allele frequency of the HbS allele in Africans and African Americans.
The following
terms have been used in lecture; you should be able to recognize and use or
define them:
Adaptive
radiation
Allele
Allele
frequency
Allopatric
speciation
Anaerobic
Analogous
structures
Archaea
Assortative
mating
Bacteria
Biogeography
Biological species
concept
Bottleneck
effect
Common
descent with modification
Directional
selection
Disruptive
(diversifying) selection
Eukarya
eukaryotes
evolution
evolutionary
species concept
founder
effect
gene flow
gene pool
generalists
genetic drift
genotype
heterotrophic
homologous
structures
hybrid
breakdown, inviability, sterility
hydrothermal
vents
inheritance
of acquired characteristics (Lamarck)
microevolution
mutation
Natural
selection
Nonrandom
mating
Phenotype
Postzygotic
barrier
population
photosynthetic
prezygotic
barrier
prokaryotes
reproductive
isolation (all types)
Selective
pressure (or force)
Sexual
selection
specialists
Species
speciation
Stabilizing
selection
Stromatolites
Sympatric
speciation
Vestigial
structures